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Septuagint or Masoretic
– Luke 7-18
Post-Apostolic Church
INTRO
Happy Septuagint Day! Let’s continue comparing the Hebrew Masoretic
with the Greek Septuagint by going through the New Testament and seeing which
manuscript family the writers used when quoting from the Old Testament. In this video, we will be looking at Luke chapters
7 to 18. The running count of verses will continue from the last
video.
LUKE 7:22
Luke 7:22 is Jesus’
answer to John the Baptist when he asks Jesus if He is the One who is to come. It reads,
Go and tell John the things which you have seen and heard;
the blind receive their sight, the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, and the
deaf hear, the dead are raised up, the poor have good tidings preached to them. (Luke 7:22 (ASV))
Jesus is making a
reference to Isaiah 35:5-6 and quotes from Isaiah 61:1. The Masoretic reads,
Then the eyes of the blind shall be opened, and the ears of
the deaf shall be unstopped. Then shall
the lame man leap as a hart [deer]. (Isaiah
35:5-6 (ASV))
Jehovah has anointed Me to preach good tidings unto the
meek. (Isaiah 61:1 (ASV))
The Septuagint reads,
Then shall the eyes of the blind be opened, and the ears of
the deaf shall hear. Then shall the lame
man leap as a hart [deer]. (Isaiah 35:5-6
(Brenton))
He has sent me to preach glad tidings to the poor... and
recovery of sight to the blind. (Isaiah
61:1 (Brenton))
The main difference in Isaiah 35 is that the Masoretic says that the deaf will be unstopped, or open. The Septuagint says the deaf will hear. The meaning of these is the same, though they use different words. Notice how Jesus said that the deaf will “hear.” If Jesus was quoting from Isaiah 35, His words would be more specific, but Jesus is not quoting from Isaiah 35. He is referring to it.
When looking at Isaiah 61:1, we see the same differences we saw in the previous video regarding Luke 4:18-19. Just like there, recovery of sight to the blind is not found in the Masoretic. Also, Jesus and the Septuagint say that the good tidings are preached to the poor, while the Masoretic says meek. Jesus is following the Septuagint.
LUKE 7:27
Luke 7:27 is Jesus’
sharing the prophecy about John the Baptist.
It reads,
Behold, I send my messenger before your face, who will prepare your way before you. (Luke 7:27 (ASV))
This is a quotation from
Exodus 23:20 and Malachi 3:1. The Masoretic reads,
Behold, I send an angel before you, (Ex 23:20 (ASV))
and he will prepare the way before me. (Mal 3:1 (ASV))
The Septuagint reads,
Behold, I send my angel before your face, (Ex 23:20 (Brenton))
and he will survey the way before me. (Mal 3:1 (Brenton))
This quotation was visited in two previous videos and is found in Matthew 11:10 and Mark 1:2-3. Luke’s quotation reads like the other two, so the conclusion is the same as in those places. Jesus is following the Septuagint.
LUKE 8:10
Luke 8:10 is about why
Jesus spoke in parables. It reads,
Seeing they may not see, and hearing they may not understand. (Luke 8:10 (ASV))
This is a quotation
from Isaiah 6:9. The
Masoretic reads,
Hear you indeed, but understand not; and see you indeed,
but perceive not. (Is 6:9 (ASV))
The Septuagint reads,
You will hear indeed, but you will not understand; and you will
see indeed, but you will not perceive.
(Is 6:9 (Brenton))
This quotation was visited in a previous video and is found in Matthew 13:14. Luke reads like Matthew except for one obvious difference: Luke switches the order of these phrases. Even though he switches the order, the readings are all the same. Like with Matthew’s quotation, Jesus is following both.
LUKE 10:15
Luke 10:15 is about
Jesus’ condemnation of Capernaum when they did not believe in Him. It reads,
Capernaum, will you be exalted unto heaven? You will be brought down unto Hades. (Luke 10:15 (ASV))
This is quotation from
Isaiah 14:13 and verse 15. The
Masoretic reads,
And you said in your heart: I will ascend into heaven. (Is 14:13 (ASV))
Yet you will be brought down to Sheol. (Is 14:15 (ASV))
The Septuagint reads,
But you said in your mind: I will go up into heaven. (Is 14:13 (literal LXX))
But now you will descend into Hades. (Is 14:15 (literal LXX))
All readings agree. Jesus is following both.
LUKE 10:27
Luke 10:27 is Jesus’
greatest commandment. It reads,
You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and
with all your soul, and with all your strength, and with all your mind. (Luke 10:27 (ASV))
This is a quotation
from Deuteronomy 6:5. The
Masoretic reads,
You shall love Jehovah your God with all your heart, and
with all your soul, and with all your might.
(Deut 6:5 (ASV))
The Septuagint reads,
You shall love the Lord your God with all your mind, and
with all your soul, and [with] all your strength. (Deut 6:5 (Brenton))
Even though Brenton’s translation says “mind,” the Greek word is “heart.” This quotation was visited in two previous videos and is found in Matthew 22:37 and Mark 12:30. There are some slight differences in the readings. This is especially true with loving God “with your mind,” which is not found in the Masoretic nor in the Septuagint. Jesus adds that phrase to all three gospels. In the end, Jesus is following both.
LUKE 12:53
Luke 12:53 is when
Jesus is teaching about how His coming to the earth will cause people to become
enemies. It reads,
They will be divided, father against son, and son against
father; mother against daughter, and daughter against her mother; mother-in-law
against her daughter-in-law, and daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law. (Luke 12:53 (ASV))
This is a reference to
Micah 7:6. The Masoretic reads,
The son dishonors the father, the daughter rises up against
her mother, the daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law; a man’s enemies are
the men of his own house. (Mic 7:6 (ASV))
The Septuagint reads,
A son disgraces a father, a daughter rises up over her
mother, a bride over her mother-in-law; a man’s adversaries are all the men in
his house. (Mic 7:6 (literal LXX))
This quotation was visited in a previous video and is found in Matthew 22:37. In Matthew, Jesus is quoting the verse straight from Micah. But here in Luke, Jesus gives a different version, so Jesus isn’t quoting from Micah here, but He is referring to it. The only direct phrase that Jesus pulls from Micah is, “daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law.” Because this is not a direct quotation, as it was in Matthew, this verse does not help us compare the Masoretic and the Septuagint. It will not be included in the running count of verses.
LUKE 13:27
Luke 13:27 is about
Jesus’ end times parable about the master who closes the door as people are
wanting to come in. The master says,
Depart from me, all you workers of iniquity. (Luke 13:27 (ASV))
This is a quotation
from Psalm 6:8. The
Masoretic reads,
Depart from me, all you workers of iniquity. (Ps 6:8 (ASV))
The Septuagint reads,
Depart from me, all you that work iniquity. (Ps 6:8 (Brenton))
All readings agree. Jesus follows both.
LUKE 13:35
Luke 13:35 is about Jesus’
lament at how Jerusalem would not accept Him as Christ. It reads,
Behold, your house is left unto you desolate. (Luke 13:35 (ASV))
This is a quotation
from Jeremiah 22:5. The
Masoretic reads,
This house shall become a desolation. (Jer 22:5 (ASV))
The Septuagint reads,
This house shall be brought to desolation. (Jer 22:5 (Brenton))
This quotation was visited in a previous video and is found in Matthew 23:38. Luke has the same reading as Matthew, so the conclusion is the same. Jesus follows both.
LUKE 13:35
The next verse, Luke
13:35, is also part of Jesus’ lament. It
reads,
Blessed is he that comes in the name of the Lord. (Luke 13:35 (ASV))
This is a quotation
from Psalm 118:26. The
Masoretic reads,
Blessed be he that comes in the name of Jehovah. (Ps 118:26 (ASV))
In the Septuagint, Psalm
117:26 reads,
Blessed is he that comes in the name of the Lord. (Ps 117:26 (Brenton))
All readings agree. Jesus is following both.
LUKE 18:20
Luke 18:20 is when Jesus
speaks to the Rich Young Ruler about the commandments. It reads,
You know the commandments: Do not commit adultery, do not
kill, do not steal, do not bear false witness, honor your father and
mother. (Luke 18:20 (ASV))
This is a quotation
from Exodus 20:12-16. The
Masoretic reads,
Honor your father and your mother.... You shall not kill. You shall not
commit adultery. You shall not steal. You shall not bear false
witness. (Ex 20:12-16 (ASV))
The Septuagint reads,
Honor your father and your mother.... You shall not commit adultery. You
shall not steal. You shall not kill.
You shall not bear false witness.
(Ex 20:12-16 (Brenton))
This quotation was visited in a previous video and is found in Mark 10:19. Mark gives a different order than Luke. Mark switches “do not commit adultery” and “do not steal.” So, Mark and Luke and the Masoretic and the Septuagint all give a different order to the commandments. As stated in the previous video, the order does not matter.
Luke’s reading matches Mark’s reading. Like before, the readings match the Masoretic and the Septuagint. Jesus is following both.
CREDITS
That is enough for now.
We will continue looking at New Testament quotations from the Old Testament
in the next video.
Blessings and so forth.
