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Septuagint or Masoretic
– Luke 19-24
Post-Apostolic Church
INTRO
[Happy Septuagint Day!
[Insert any interesting facts about the Septuagint.]] Let’s continue comparing the Hebrew Masoretic
with the Greek Septuagint by going through the New Testament and seeing which
manuscript family the writers used when quoting from the Old Testament. In this video, we will be looking at Luke
chapters 19 to 24. The running count of verses will continue from the last
video.
[Verses: 90. Both: 54.
LXX: 20. MT: 13.]
LUKE 19:38
Luke 19:38 is when
Jesus returns to Jerusalem and the people say what Jesus had previously
prophesied. It reads,
Blessed is the King that comes in the name of the
Lord. (Luke 19:38 (ASV))
This is a quotation
from Psalm 118:26 and this was already discussed in the previous video. But there is a difference between this verse
and what Jesus said in Luke 13:35. Here,
the people say “King” instead of the pronoun “he.” Is Luke misquoting his own verse? No, Luke knows what he is doing. In Mark 11, as Jesus enters
Jerusalem, the people shout two phrases about Jesus. Luke is combining these phrases. Mark 11:9-10 read,
They that followed, cried, “Hosanna! Blessed is he that comes in the name of the
Lord. Blessed is the kingdom that comes,
[the kingdom] of our father David.
Hosanna in the highest!” (Mark
11:10 (ASV))
Because Luke already
quoted from Psalm 118:26 and because Luke is combining what the people said
into this phrase, this verse will not be included in the running
count.
[Verse not included]
LUKE 19:46
Luke 19:46 is what
Jesus said when He cleansed the temple.
It reads,
And my house will be a house of prayer. But you have made it a den of robbers. (Luke 19:46 (ASV))
This is a quotation
from Isaiah 56:7 and Jeremiah 7:11. The Masoretic reads,
For my house shall be called a house of prayer for all
peoples. (Is 56:7 (ASV))
Is this house, which is called by my name, become a den of
robbers in your eyes? (Jer 7:11 (ASV))
The Septuagint reads,
For my house shall be called a house of prayer for all
nations. (Is 56:7 (Brenton))
Is my house, whereon my name is called, a den of robbers in
your eyes? (Jer 7:11 (Brenton))
This quotation was
visited in two previous videos and is found in Matthew 21:13 and Mark
11:17. Mark’s quotation was different
and matched the Septuagint. Here, Luke’s
quotation matches Matthew’s. Like
Matthew, Luke does not include the phrase “all peoples” from the Masoretic nor the
phrase “all nations” from the Septuagint.
Because of that, just like in Matthew, Jesus is following
both.
[Verses: 91. Both: 55.
LXX: 20. MT: 13.]
LUKE 20:17
Luke 20:17 is about
the parable of the vineyard owner who destroyed the farmers who did not respect
his slaves or his son. It reads,
What then is this that is written, “The stone which the builders rejected, the same was made the head of the corner?” (Luke 20:17 (ASV))
This is a quotation
from Psalm 118:22-23. The
Masoretic reads,
The stone which the builders rejected is become the head of the corner. This is Jehovah's doing. It is marvelous in our eyes. (Ps 118:22-23 (ASV))
In the Septuagint,
Psalm 117:22-23 read,
The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner. This has been done of the Lord. And it is wonderful in our eyes. (Ps 117:22-23 (Brenton))
This quotation was
visited in two previous videos and is found in Matthew 21:42 and Mark
12:10-11. Just like in
those places, all readings agree. Jesus
is following both.
[Verses: 92. Both: 56.
LXX: 20. MT: 13.]
LUKE 20:37
Luke 20:37 is about
Jesus’ answer to the Sadducces on whether there will be a resurrection. It reads,
I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob. (Luke 20:37 (ASV))
This is a quotation
from Exodus 3:6. This quotation was
visited in two previous videos and is found in Matthew 22:32 and Mark
12:26. Just like in Matthew
and Mark, all readings agree. Jesus is
following both.
[Verses: 93. Both: 57.
LXX: 20. MT: 13.]
LUKE 20:42-43
Luke 20:42-43 is about
when the people asked how the Christ can be David’s son. It reads,
David himself says in the book of Psalms, “The Lord said
unto my Lord, Sit you on my right hand, until I make your enemies the footstool
of your feet.” (Luke 20:42-43 (ASV))
This is a quotation
from Psalm 110:1. The
Masoretic reads,
Jehovah said unto my Lord, “Sit you at my right hand, until
I make your enemies your footstool.” (Ps
110:1 (ASV))
In the Septuagint,
Psalm 109:1 reads,
The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit you on my right hand, until
I make your enemies your footstool.” (Ps
110:1 (Brenton))
This quotation was
visited in two previous videos and is found in Matthew 22:44 and Mark
12:36. Just like in those
places, all readings agree. Jesus is
following both.
[Verses: 94. Both: 58.
LXX: 20. MT: 13.]
LUKE 21:27
Luke 21:27 is Jesus’
and Daniel’s prophecy about Christ’s Second Coming. It reads,
And they will see the Son of man coming in a cloud with
power and great glory. (Luke 21:27
(ASV))
This is a quotation
from Daniel 7:13. The
Masoretic reads,
There came with the clouds of heaven one like unto a Son of Man. (Dan 7:13 (ASV))
The Septuagint reads,
One coming with the clouds of heaven as the Son of Man. (Dan 7:13 (Brenton))
This quotation was
visited in two previous videos and is found in Matthew 24:30 and Mark
13:26. Luke’s quotation matches
Matthew’s and Mark’s quotations except in one place. Luke says cloud (singular). Matthew, Mark, the Masoretic,
and the Septuagint say clouds (plural).
This is an extremely minor difference.
A difference this minor does not help us compare the
Masoretic with the Septuagint. Jesus is
following both.
[Verses: 95. Both: 59.
LXX: 20. MT: 13.]
LUKE 22:37
Luke 22:37 is about
when Jesus prophesied His coming death.
It reads,
That this which is written must be fulfilled in me, “And he
was reckoned with transgressors,” for that which concerns me has had
fulfilment. (Luke 22:37 (ASV))
This is a quotation
from Isaiah 53:12. The
Masoretic reads,
Therefore will I divide him a portion with the great, and
he will divide the spoil with the strong.
Because he poured out his soul unto death and was numbered with the
transgressors, yet he bore the sin of many and made intercession for the
transgressors. (Isaiah 53:12 (ASV))
The Septuagint reads,
Therefore he will inherit many, and he will divide spoils
of the mighty. Because his soul was
delivered to death, and he was numbered among the transgressors. And he bore the sins of many and was
delivered because of their iniquities.
(Isaiah 53:12 (Brenton))
As you can see, the final phrase of Isaiah 53:12 is different in the Masoretic and Septuagint. Unfortunately, this phrase is not quoted in the New Testament. I would be very interested to know which of those phrases the New Testament would support.
The phrase that Luke
quotes is about being numbered with the transgressors. All readings agree. Jesus is following both.
[Verses: 96. Both: 60.
LXX: 20. MT: 13.]
MARK 15:28
This quotation from
Isaiah 53:12 is also found in Mark. But in
a previous video, I accidently skipped it.
This is because Mark 15:28 does not appear in all copies of the New
Testament. It appears in the Majority
Text. I will include it here. Mark 15:28 matches Luke’s
reading, so in Mark, Jesus is following both.
[Verses: 97. Both: 61.
LXX: 20. MT: 13.]
LUKE 22:69
Luke 22:69 is about
when Jesus is being questioned by the high priest. It reads,
From henceforth will the Son of man be seated at the right
hand of the power of God.” (Luke 22:69
(ASV))
Jesus is referring to
Psalm 110:1 and Daniel 7:13, but He is not quoting either of them. Since this is a reference and not a quotation,
this verse will not be included.
LUKE 23:30
Luke 23:30 is about
when women in Jerusalem were crying over Jesus as He was being led to be
crucified. Jesus warns them about the
punishment coming on Jerusalem. It
reads,
They will begin to say to the mountains: fall on us. And to the hills: cover us. (Luke 23:30 (ASV))
This is a quotation
from Hosea 10:8. The
Masoretic reads,
They will say to the mountains: cover us. And to the hills: fall on us. (Hos 10:8 (ASV))
The Septuagint reads,
They will say to the mountains: cover us. And to the hills: fall on us. (Hos 10:8 (Brenton))
Each of these
translations is completely accurate to their source. The Masoretic and Septuagint perfectly agree
with each other. Interestingly,
Jesus flips around what the mountains and hills would do. Either Jesus is showing us that both the
Masoretic and the Septuagint have these words flipped around, or Jesus is not
trying to quote this verse verbatim. In
my view, it is the second reason. Even though Jesus flips the words around, Jesus is following both.
[Verses: 98. Both: 62.
LXX: 20. MT: 13.]
LUKE 23:34
Luke 23:34 is about
when the soldiers cast lots for Jesus’ clothes.
It reads,
Parting His garments among them, they cast lots. (Luke 23:34 (ASV))
This is a quotation
from Psalm 22:18. The
Masoretic reads,
They part my garments among them, and upon my vesture do
they cast lots. (Ps 22:18 (ASV))
Psalm 21:18 in the
Septuagint reads,
They parted my garments among themselves and cast lots upon
my raiment. (Ps 21:18 (Brenton))
There are two
differences. First, Luke
does not include the phrase at the end, “upon my clothing.” Both the Masoretic and Septuagint contain
this phrase. Second, the
Masoretic does not include “among them.”
Even though the ASV includes it in their translation, it does not appear
there in the Hebrew. This is a fairly
minor difference; however, it shows that Luke’s reading is closer
to the Septuagint. Luke is following the
Septuagint.
[Verses: 99. Both: 62.
LXX: 21. MT: 13.]
LUKE 23:46
Luke 23:46 is about
when Jesus died on the cross. It reads,
Jesus, crying with a loud voice, said, “Father, into Your
hands I commend my spirit.” And having
said this, he gave up the ghost. (Luke
23:46 (ASV))
This is a quotation from Psalm 31:5. The Masoretic reads,
Into Your hand I commend my spirit. You have redeemed me, O Jehovah, God of
truth. (Ps 31:5 (ASV))
Psalm 30:5 in the
Septuagint reads,
Into Your hands I will commit my spirit. You have redeemed me, O Lord God of
truth. (Ps 30:5 (Brenton)
All the readings agree
except for a tiny difference. The Masoretic says hand (singular). Luke
and the Septuagint say hands (plural). Because Jesus is speaking figuratively and because this difference is so small,
Jesus is following both.
[Verses: 100. Both: 63.
LXX: 21. MT: 13.]
CREDITS
That is enough for now.
Thus far, we have finished analyzing Luke’s 29 verses. Here is a chart showing the verse breakdown
for Luke. Here is a chart
showing the verse breakdown for all the verses thus far. Having analyzed three gospels, I did not plan
that the running count of verses would be exactly 100. I think that is really neat.
We continue looking at New Testament quotations from the Old Testament in the next video.
Blessings and so forth.
