Comparing the Septuagint and the Masoretic Using Luke 19-24 (Full Script)

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b0qyTLsM8M4

Septuagint or Masoretic – Luke 19-24
Post-Apostolic Church

INTRO
[Happy Septuagint Day!  [Insert any interesting facts about the Septuagint.]]  Let’s continue comparing the Hebrew Masoretic with the Greek Septuagint by going through the New Testament and seeing which manuscript family the writers used when quoting from the Old Testament.  In this video, we will be looking at Luke chapters 19 to 24.  The running count of verses will continue from the last video.
[Verses: 90.  Both: 54.  LXX: 20.  MT: 13.]

LUKE 19:38
Luke 19:38 is when Jesus returns to Jerusalem and the people say what Jesus had previously prophesied.  It reads,

Blessed is the King that comes in the name of the Lord.  (Luke 19:38 (ASV))

This is a quotation from Psalm 118:26 and this was already discussed in the previous video.  But there is a difference between this verse and what Jesus said in Luke 13:35.  Here, the people say “King” instead of the pronoun “he.”  Is Luke misquoting his own verse?  No, Luke knows what he is doing.  In Mark 11, as Jesus enters Jerusalem, the people shout two phrases about Jesus.  Luke is combining these phrases.  Mark 11:9-10 read,
 

They that followed, cried, “Hosanna!  Blessed is he that comes in the name of the Lord.  Blessed is the kingdom that comes, [the kingdom] of our father David.  Hosanna in the highest!”  (Mark 11:10 (ASV))

Because Luke already quoted from Psalm 118:26 and because Luke is combining what the people said into this phrase, this verse will not be included in the running count.
[Verse not included]

LUKE 19:46
Luke 19:46 is what Jesus said when He cleansed the temple.  It reads,
 

And my house will be a house of prayer.  But you have made it a den of robbers.  (Luke 19:46 (ASV))

This is a quotation from Isaiah 56:7 and Jeremiah 7:11.  The Masoretic reads,
 

For my house shall be called a house of prayer for all peoples.  (Is 56:7 (ASV))

Is this house, which is called by my name, become a den of robbers in your eyes?  (Jer 7:11 (ASV))

The Septuagint reads,
 

For my house shall be called a house of prayer for all nations.  (Is 56:7 (Brenton))

Is my house, whereon my name is called, a den of robbers in your eyes?  (Jer 7:11 (Brenton))

This quotation was visited in two previous videos and is found in Matthew 21:13 and Mark 11:17.  Mark’s quotation was different and matched the Septuagint.  Here, Luke’s quotation matches Matthew’s.  Like Matthew, Luke does not include the phrase “all peoples” from the Masoretic nor the phrase “all nations” from the Septuagint.  Because of that, just like in Matthew, Jesus is following both.
[Verses: 91.  Both: 55.  LXX: 20.  MT: 13.]

LUKE 20:17
Luke 20:17 is about the parable of the vineyard owner who destroyed the farmers who did not respect his slaves or his son.  It reads,
 

What then is this that is written, “The stone which the builders rejected, the same was made the head of the corner?”  (Luke 20:17 (ASV)) 

This is a quotation from Psalm 118:22-23.  The Masoretic reads,
 

The stone which the builders rejected is become the head of the corner.  This is Jehovah's doing.  It is marvelous in our eyes.  (Ps 118:22-23 (ASV))

In the Septuagint, Psalm 117:22-23 read,
 

The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner.  This has been done of the Lord.  And it is wonderful in our eyes.  (Ps 117:22-23 (Brenton)) 

This quotation was visited in two previous videos and is found in Matthew 21:42 and Mark 12:10-11.  Just like in those places, all readings agree.  Jesus is following both.
[Verses: 92.  Both: 56.  LXX: 20.  MT: 13.]

LUKE 20:37
Luke 20:37 is about Jesus’ answer to the Sadducces on whether there will be a resurrection.  It reads,
 

I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.  (Luke 20:37 (ASV))

This is a quotation from Exodus 3:6.  This quotation was visited in two previous videos and is found in Matthew 22:32 and Mark 12:26.  Just like in Matthew and Mark, all readings agree.  Jesus is following both.
[Verses: 93.  Both: 57.  LXX: 20.  MT: 13.]

LUKE 20:42-43
Luke 20:42-43 is about when the people asked how the Christ can be David’s son.  It reads,
 

David himself says in the book of Psalms, “The Lord said unto my Lord, Sit you on my right hand, until I make your enemies the footstool of your feet.”  (Luke 20:42-43 (ASV))

This is a quotation from Psalm 110:1.  The Masoretic reads,
 

Jehovah said unto my Lord, “Sit you at my right hand, until I make your enemies your footstool.”  (Ps 110:1 (ASV))

In the Septuagint, Psalm 109:1 reads,
 

The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit you on my right hand, until I make your enemies your footstool.”  (Ps 110:1 (Brenton))

This quotation was visited in two previous videos and is found in Matthew 22:44 and Mark 12:36.  Just like in those places, all readings agree.  Jesus is following both.
[Verses: 94.  Both: 58.  LXX: 20.  MT: 13.]


LUKE 21:27
Luke 21:27 is Jesus’ and Daniel’s prophecy about Christ’s Second Coming.  It reads,
 

And they will see the Son of man coming in a cloud with power and great glory.  (Luke 21:27 (ASV))

This is a quotation from Daniel 7:13.  The Masoretic reads,
 

There came with the clouds of heaven one like unto a Son of Man.  (Dan 7:13 (ASV)) 

The Septuagint reads,
 

One coming with the clouds of heaven as the Son of Man.  (Dan 7:13 (Brenton))

This quotation was visited in two previous videos and is found in Matthew 24:30 and Mark 13:26.  Luke’s quotation matches Matthew’s and Mark’s quotations except in one place.  Luke says cloud (singular).  Matthew, Mark, the Masoretic, and the Septuagint say clouds (plural).  This is an extremely minor difference.  A difference this minor does not help us compare the Masoretic with the Septuagint.  Jesus is following both.
[Verses: 95.  Both: 59.  LXX: 20.  MT: 13.]


LUKE 22:37
Luke 22:37 is about when Jesus prophesied His coming death.  It reads,
 

That this which is written must be fulfilled in me, “And he was reckoned with transgressors,” for that which concerns me has had fulfilment.  (Luke 22:37 (ASV))

This is a quotation from Isaiah 53:12.  The Masoretic reads,
 

Therefore will I divide him a portion with the great, and he will divide the spoil with the strong.  Because he poured out his soul unto death and was numbered with the transgressors, yet he bore the sin of many and made intercession for the transgressors.  (Isaiah 53:12 (ASV))

The Septuagint reads,
 

Therefore he will inherit many, and he will divide spoils of the mighty.  Because his soul was delivered to death, and he was numbered among the transgressors.  And he bore the sins of many and was delivered because of their iniquities.  (Isaiah 53:12 (Brenton))

As you can see, the final phrase of Isaiah 53:12 is different in the Masoretic and Septuagint.  Unfortunately, this phrase is not quoted in the New Testament.  I would be very interested to know which of those phrases the New Testament would support.

The phrase that Luke quotes is about being numbered with the transgressors.  All readings agree.  Jesus is following both.
[Verses: 96.  Both: 60.  LXX: 20.  MT: 13.]


MARK 15:28
This quotation from Isaiah 53:12 is also found in Mark.  But in a previous video, I accidently skipped it.  This is because Mark 15:28 does not appear in all copies of the New Testament.  It appears in the Majority Text.  I will include it here.  Mark 15:28 matches Luke’s reading, so in Mark, Jesus is following both.
[Verses: 97.  Both: 61.  LXX: 20.  MT: 13.]


LUKE 22:69
Luke 22:69 is about when Jesus is being questioned by the high priest.  It reads,
 

From henceforth will the Son of man be seated at the right hand of the power of God.”  (Luke 22:69 (ASV))

Jesus is referring to Psalm 110:1 and Daniel 7:13, but He is not quoting either of them.  Since this is a reference and not a quotation, this verse will not be included.


LUKE 23:30
Luke 23:30 is about when women in Jerusalem were crying over Jesus as He was being led to be crucified.  Jesus warns them about the punishment coming on Jerusalem.  It reads,
 

They will begin to say to the mountains: fall on us.  And to the hills: cover us.  (Luke 23:30 (ASV))

This is a quotation from Hosea 10:8.  The Masoretic reads,
 

They will say to the mountains: cover us.  And to the hills: fall on us.  (Hos 10:8 (ASV))

The Septuagint reads,
 

They will say to the mountains: cover us.  And to the hills: fall on us.  (Hos 10:8 (Brenton))

Each of these translations is completely accurate to their source.  The Masoretic and Septuagint perfectly agree with each other.  Interestingly, Jesus flips around what the mountains and hills would do.  Either Jesus is showing us that both the Masoretic and the Septuagint have these words flipped around, or Jesus is not trying to quote this verse verbatim.  In my view, it is the second reason.  Even though Jesus flips the words around, Jesus is following both.
[Verses: 98.  Both: 62.  LXX: 20.  MT: 13.]


LUKE 23:34
Luke 23:34 is about when the soldiers cast lots for Jesus’ clothes.  It reads,
 

Parting His garments among them, they cast lots.  (Luke 23:34 (ASV))

This is a quotation from Psalm 22:18.  The Masoretic reads,
 

They part my garments among them, and upon my vesture do they cast lots.  (Ps 22:18 (ASV))

Psalm 21:18 in the Septuagint reads,
 

They parted my garments among themselves and cast lots upon my raiment.  (Ps 21:18 (Brenton))

There are two differences.  First, Luke does not include the phrase at the end, “upon my clothing.”  Both the Masoretic and Septuagint contain this phrase.  Second, the Masoretic does not include “among them.”  Even though the ASV includes it in their translation, it does not appear there in the Hebrew.  This is a fairly minor difference; however, it shows that Luke’s reading is closer to the Septuagint.  Luke is following the Septuagint.
[Verses: 99.  Both: 62.  LXX: 21.  MT: 13.]


LUKE 23:46
Luke 23:46 is about when Jesus died on the cross.  It reads,
 

Jesus, crying with a loud voice, said, “Father, into Your hands I commend my spirit.”  And having said this, he gave up the ghost.  (Luke 23:46 (ASV))

This is a quotation from Psalm 31:5.  The Masoretic reads,

 

Into Your hand I commend my spirit.  You have redeemed me, O Jehovah, God of truth.  (Ps 31:5 (ASV))

Psalm 30:5 in the Septuagint reads,
 

Into Your hands I will commit my spirit.  You have redeemed me, O Lord God of truth.  (Ps 30:5 (Brenton)

All the readings agree except for a tiny difference.  The Masoretic says hand (singular).  Luke and the Septuagint say hands (plural).  Because Jesus is speaking figuratively and because this difference is so small, Jesus is following both.
[Verses: 100.  Both: 63.  LXX: 21.  MT: 13.]

CREDITS
That is enough for now.  Thus far, we have finished analyzing Luke’s 29 verses.  Here is a chart showing the verse breakdown for Luke.  Here is a chart showing the verse breakdown for all the verses thus far.  Having analyzed three gospels, I did not plan that the running count of verses would be exactly 100.  I think that is really neat.

We continue looking at New Testament quotations from the Old Testament in the next video.

Blessings and so forth.

Comparing the Septuagint and the Masoretic Using Luke 7-18 (Full Script)

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c2PvIAZBkTA

Septuagint or Masoretic – Luke 7-18
Post-Apostolic Church

INTRO
Happy Septuagint Day!  Let’s continue comparing the Hebrew Masoretic with the Greek Septuagint by going through the New Testament and seeing which manuscript family the writers used when quoting from the Old Testament.  In this video, we will be looking at Luke chapters 7 to 18.  The running count of verses will continue from the last video.

LUKE 7:22
Luke 7:22 is Jesus’ answer to John the Baptist when he asks Jesus if He is the One who is to come.  It reads,
 

Go and tell John the things which you have seen and heard; the blind receive their sight, the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, and the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, the poor have good tidings preached to them.  (Luke 7:22 (ASV))

Jesus is making a reference to Isaiah 35:5-6 and quotes from Isaiah 61:1.  The Masoretic reads,
 

Then the eyes of the blind shall be opened, and the ears of the deaf shall be unstopped.  Then shall the lame man leap as a hart [deer].  (Isaiah 35:5-6 (ASV))

Jehovah has anointed Me to preach good tidings unto the meek.  (Isaiah 61:1 (ASV))

The Septuagint reads,
 

Then shall the eyes of the blind be opened, and the ears of the deaf shall hear.  Then shall the lame man leap as a hart [deer].  (Isaiah 35:5-6 (Brenton))

He has sent me to preach glad tidings to the poor... and recovery of sight to the blind.  (Isaiah 61:1 (Brenton))

The main difference in Isaiah 35 is that the Masoretic says that the deaf will be unstopped, or open.  The Septuagint says the deaf will hear.  The meaning of these is the same, though they use different words.  Notice how Jesus said that the deaf will “hear.”  If Jesus was quoting from Isaiah 35, His words would be more specific, but Jesus is not quoting from Isaiah 35.  He is referring to it.

When looking at Isaiah 61:1, we see the same differences we saw in the previous video regarding Luke 4:18-19.  Just like there, recovery of sight to the blind is not found in the Masoretic.  Also, Jesus and the Septuagint say that the good tidings are preached to the poor, while the Masoretic says meek.  Jesus is following the Septuagint.

LUKE 7:27
Luke 7:27 is Jesus’ sharing the prophecy about John the Baptist.  It reads,
 

Behold, I send my messenger before your face, who will prepare your way before you.  (Luke 7:27 (ASV))

This is a quotation from Exodus 23:20 and Malachi 3:1.  The Masoretic reads,
 

Behold, I send an angel before you, (Ex 23:20 (ASV))

and he will prepare the way before me.  (Mal 3:1 (ASV))

The Septuagint reads,
 

Behold, I send my angel before your face,  (Ex 23:20 (Brenton))

and he will survey the way before me.  (Mal 3:1 (Brenton))

This quotation was visited in two previous videos and is found in Matthew 11:10 and Mark 1:2-3.  Luke’s quotation reads like the other two, so the conclusion is the same as in those places.  Jesus is following the Septuagint.

LUKE 8:10
Luke 8:10 is about why Jesus spoke in parables.  It reads,
 

Seeing they may not see, and hearing they may not understand.  (Luke 8:10 (ASV))

This is a quotation from Isaiah 6:9.  The Masoretic reads,
 

Hear you indeed, but understand not; and see you indeed, but perceive not.  (Is 6:9 (ASV))

The Septuagint reads,
 

You will hear indeed, but you will not understand; and you will see indeed, but you will not perceive.  (Is 6:9 (Brenton))

This quotation was visited in a previous video and is found in Matthew 13:14.  Luke reads like Matthew except for one obvious difference: Luke switches the order of these phrases.  Even though he switches the order, the readings are all the same.  Like with Matthew’s quotation, Jesus is following both.

LUKE 10:15
Luke 10:15 is about Jesus’ condemnation of Capernaum when they did not believe in Him.  It reads,
 

Capernaum, will you be exalted unto heaven?  You will be brought down unto Hades.  (Luke 10:15 (ASV))

This is quotation from Isaiah 14:13 and verse 15.  The Masoretic reads,
 

And you said in your heart: I will ascend into heaven.  (Is 14:13 (ASV))

Yet you will be brought down to Sheol.  (Is 14:15 (ASV))

The Septuagint reads,
 

But you said in your mind: I will go up into heaven.  (Is 14:13 (literal LXX))

But now you will descend into Hades.  (Is 14:15 (literal LXX))

All readings agree.  Jesus is following both.

LUKE 10:27
Luke 10:27 is Jesus’ greatest commandment.  It reads,
 

You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength, and with all your mind.  (Luke 10:27 (ASV))

This is a quotation from Deuteronomy 6:5.  The Masoretic reads,
 

You shall love Jehovah your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your might.  (Deut 6:5 (ASV))

The Septuagint reads,
 

You shall love the Lord your God with all your mind, and with all your soul, and [with] all your strength.  (Deut 6:5 (Brenton))

Even though Brenton’s translation says “mind,” the Greek word is “heart.”  This quotation was visited in two previous videos and is found in Matthew 22:37 and Mark 12:30.  There are some slight differences in the readings.  This is especially true with loving God “with your mind,” which is not found in the Masoretic nor in the Septuagint.  Jesus adds that phrase to all three gospels.  In the end, Jesus is following both.

LUKE 12:53
Luke 12:53 is when Jesus is teaching about how His coming to the earth will cause people to become enemies.  It reads,
 

They will be divided, father against son, and son against father; mother against daughter, and daughter against her mother; mother-in-law against her daughter-in-law, and daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law.  (Luke 12:53 (ASV))

This is a reference to Micah 7:6.  The Masoretic reads,
 

The son dishonors the father, the daughter rises up against her mother, the daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law; a man’s enemies are the men of his own house.  (Mic 7:6 (ASV))

The Septuagint reads,
 

A son disgraces a father, a daughter rises up over her mother, a bride over her mother-in-law; a man’s adversaries are all the men in his house.  (Mic 7:6 (literal LXX))

This quotation was visited in a previous video and is found in Matthew 22:37.  In Matthew, Jesus is quoting the verse straight from Micah.  But here in Luke, Jesus gives a different version, so Jesus isn’t quoting from Micah here, but He is referring to it.  The only direct phrase that Jesus pulls from Micah is, “daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law.”  Because this is not a direct quotation, as it was in Matthew, this verse does not help us compare the Masoretic and the Septuagint.  It will not be included in the running count of verses.

LUKE 13:27
Luke 13:27 is about Jesus’ end times parable about the master who closes the door as people are wanting to come in.  The master says,
 

Depart from me, all you workers of iniquity.  (Luke 13:27 (ASV))

This is a quotation from Psalm 6:8.  The Masoretic reads,
 

Depart from me, all you workers of iniquity.  (Ps 6:8 (ASV))

The Septuagint reads,
 

Depart from me, all you that work iniquity.  (Ps 6:8 (Brenton))

All readings agree.  Jesus follows both.

LUKE 13:35
Luke 13:35 is about Jesus’ lament at how Jerusalem would not accept Him as Christ.  It reads,
 

Behold, your house is left unto you desolate.  (Luke 13:35 (ASV))

This is a quotation from Jeremiah 22:5.  The Masoretic reads,
 

This house shall become a desolation.  (Jer 22:5 (ASV))

The Septuagint reads,
 

This house shall be brought to desolation.  (Jer 22:5 (Brenton))

This quotation was visited in a previous video and is found in Matthew 23:38.  Luke has the same reading as Matthew, so the conclusion is the same.  Jesus follows both.

LUKE 13:35
The next verse, Luke 13:35, is also part of Jesus’ lament.  It reads,
 

Blessed is he that comes in the name of the Lord.  (Luke 13:35 (ASV))

This is a quotation from Psalm 118:26.  The Masoretic reads,
 

Blessed be he that comes in the name of Jehovah.  (Ps 118:26 (ASV))

In the Septuagint, Psalm 117:26 reads,
 

Blessed is he that comes in the name of the Lord.  (Ps 117:26 (Brenton))

All readings agree.  Jesus is following both.

LUKE 18:20
Luke 18:20 is when Jesus speaks to the Rich Young Ruler about the commandments.  It reads,
 

You know the commandments: Do not commit adultery, do not kill, do not steal, do not bear false witness, honor your father and mother.  (Luke 18:20 (ASV))

This is a quotation from Exodus 20:12-16.  The Masoretic reads,
 

Honor your father and your mother....   You shall not kill.  You shall not commit adultery.  You shall not steal.  You shall not bear false witness.  (Ex 20:12-16 (ASV))

The Septuagint reads,
 

Honor your father and your mother....  You shall not commit adultery.  You shall not steal.  You shall not kill.  You shall not bear false witness.  (Ex 20:12-16 (Brenton))

This quotation was visited in a previous video and is found in Mark 10:19.  Mark gives a different order than Luke.  Mark switches “do not commit adultery” and “do not steal.”  So, Mark and Luke and the Masoretic and the Septuagint all give a different order to the commandments.  As stated in the previous video, the order does not matter.

Luke’s reading matches Mark’s reading.  Like before, the readings match the Masoretic and the Septuagint.  Jesus is following both.

CREDITS
That is enough for now.  We will continue looking at New Testament quotations from the Old Testament in the next video.

Blessings and so forth.

Update - Feb 2024

New Septuagint video a week from today!  On February 8, it will analyze Luke chapters 7-18.

Comparing the Septuagint and the Masoretic Using Luke 1-6 (Full Script)

 Too lazy to ready? Watch the video!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FfWVMShlnug

Septuagint or Masoretic – Luke 1-6
Post-Apostolic Church

 

INTRO
Let’s continue comparing the Hebrew Masoretic with the Greek Septuagint by going through the New Testament and seeing which manuscript family the writers used when quoting from the Old Testament.  We will be looking at Luke chapters 1 to 6.  The running count of verses will continue from the last video. 

LUKE 1:17
Luke 1:17 is when the angel Gabriel is speaking to Zechariah about his future son, John.  It reads,

And he shall go before his face in the spirit and power of Elijah, to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children.  (Luke 1:17 (ASV)) 

This is a quotation from Malachi 4:5-6.  The Masoretic reads,
 

I will send you Elijah the prophet before the great and terrible day of Jehovah come.  And he shall turn the heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the children to their fathers.  (Mal 4:5-6 (ASV)) 

The Septuagint reads,
 

I will send to you Elijah the Tishbite, before the great and glorious day of the Lord comes; who shall turn again the heart of the father to the son, and the heart of a man to his neighbor.  (Mal 4:5-6 (Brenton)) 

When these readings speak of Elijah, all of them are different.  The Masoretic calls him Elijah the prophet.  The Septuagint calls him Elijah the Tishbite, which is the full name of Elijah the prophet in 3Kings 17.  Gabriel simply refers to him as Elijah, having the spirit and power.  It appears that Gabriel is not quoting from Malachi 4:5. 

But the next part is a quotation from Malachi 4:6.  The Septuagint has a different Greek verb for “turn again,” though the two words mean the same thing.  The Septuagint has “child,” singular, while Luke and the Masoretic have “children,” plural.  Because of these things, Gabriel is following the Masoretic.

[Verses: 71.  Both: 41.  LXX: 15.  MT: 13.] 

LUKE 1:50
Luke 1:50 is part of Mary’s song.  It reads,
 

His mercy is unto generations and generations on them that fear Him.  (Luke 1:50 (ASV)) 

This is a quotation from Psalm 103:17 in the Masoertic.  It reads,
 

The lovingkindness of Jehovah is from everlasting to everlasting upon them that fear Him.  (Ps 103:17 (ASV)) 

This is a quotation from Psalm 102:17 in the Septuagint.  It reads,
 

The mercy of the Lord is from generation to generation upon them that fear Him.  (Psalm 102:17 (Brenton)) 

Even though Brenton has translated the word “generation,” the Greek word should have been translated as “age” or “everlasting.”  So in this case, by saying “everlasting,” the Septuagint and Masoretic agree.  Interestingly, Mary said a different word: generations.  While Mary certainly has this verse in Psalms in mind, she is loosely quoting it.  In Mary’s song, it doesn’t look like it is her intention to precisely quote from the Old Testament.  For example, Mary does this a few times in her song.  In Luke 1:76, she makes a very strong reference to Malachi 3:1, but does not quote it.  And in Luke 1:78, she makes a very strong reference to Isaiah 9:2, but does not quote it either. 

In this case, all the readings agree, with the exception where Mary says “generations.”  Because there is no difference between the Masoretic and Septuagint, this verse will be counted as following both.

[Verses: 72.  Both: 42.  LXX: 15.  MT: 13.] 

LUKE 2:23
Luke 2:23 is about when Mary and Joseph brought the infant Jesus to Jerusalem to present Him to the Lord as the firstborn and to make an offering on behalf of the mother.  It reads,
 

As it is written in the Law of the Lord: Every male that opens the womb shall be called holy to the Lord.  (Luke 2:23 (ASV)) 

This is a reference to Exodus 13:2.  The Masoretic reads,
 

Sanctify unto Me all the first-born, whatsoever opens the womb among the children of Israel.  (Ex 13:2 (ASV)) 

The Septuagint reads,
 

Sanctify to me every first-born, first produced, opening every womb among the children of Israel.  (Ex 13:2 (Brenton)) 

When Luke says, “As it is written,” he is not wrong.  What Luke says is true to this verse.  In fact, the same thing is said in Exodus 13:12 and 13:15.  But Luke is not quoting these verses.  When Luke says, “As it is written,” Luke is not talking about the exact words written in Exodus 13 but about the command written in Exodus 13.  Because the purpose of this video is to analyze quotations, this verse will not be counted. 

About the other possibilities, Exodus 13:12 uses set part instead of holy (which is true for both Masoretic and Septuagint), Exodus 13:15 uses sacrifice and ransom instead of holy.  Therefore, I found that Exodus 13:2 best matches Luke 2:23 because 13:2 uses the word for holy. 

LUKE 2:24
Luke 2:24 is what Mary and Joseph offered to God on behalf of the mother, Mary.  It reads,
 

Offer a sacrifice according to that which is said in the Law of the Lord: A pair of turtledoves or two young pigeons.  (Luke 2:24 (ASV)) 

This is a quotation from Leviticus 12:8.  The Masoretic reads,
 

If her means suffice not for a lamb, then she shall take two turtledoves, or two young pigeons.  (Lev 12:8 (ASV)) 

The Septuagint reads,
 

If she cannot afford a lamb, then shall she take two turtledoves or two young pigeons.  (Lev 12:8 (Brenton)) 

The only difference is the word before turtledoves.  Luke says “pair” while the Masoretic and the Septuagint say “two.”  This is the only difference, and it is minor.  Luke is following both.

[Verses: 73.  Both: 43.  LXX: 15.  MT: 13.] 

LUKE 2:52
Luke 2:52 is about how Jesus grew up.  It reads,
 

Jesus advanced in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and men.  (Luke 2:52 (ASV)) 

This is a quotation from 1Samuel 2:26, about how Samuel grew in the Lord in contrast to Eli’s sons.  The Masoretic reads,
 

The child Samuel grew on, and increased in favor both with Jehovah, and also with men.  (1Sam 2:26 (ASV)) 

The Septuagint reads,
 

The child Samuel advanced, and was in favor with God and with men.  (1Sam 2:26 (Brenton)) 

Luke adds “wisdom and stature.”  Other than that, all readings agree.  Luke is following both.

[Verses: 74.  Both: 44.  LXX: 15.  MT: 13.] 

LUKE 3:4-6
Luke 3:4-6 is about John’s ministry, which fulfills Isaiah’s prophecy.  It reads,
 

As it is written in the book of the words of Isaiah the prophet, “The voice of one crying in the wilderness, make you ready the way of the Lord, make his paths straight.  Every valley shall be filled, and every mountain and hill shall be brought low.  And the crooked shall become straight, and the rough ways smooth.  And all flesh shall see the salvation of God.  (Luke 3:4-6 (ASV)) 

This is a quotation from Isaiah 40:3-5.  The Masoretic reads,
 

The voice of one that cries, prepare you in the wilderness the way of Jehovah, make level in the desert a highway for our God.  Every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain and hill shall be made low; and the uneven shall be made level, and the rough places a plain.  And the glory of Jehovah shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.  (Isaiah 40:3-5 (ASV)) 

The Septuagint reads,
 

The voice of one crying in the wilderness, prepare you the way of the Lord, make straight the paths of our God.  Every valley shall be filled, and every mountain and hill shall be brought low: and all the crooked ways shall become straight, and the rough places plains.  And the glory of the Lord shall appear, and all flesh shall see the salvation of God.  (Isaiah 40:3-5 (Brenton)) 

There are a number of differences here.  First, Luke and the Septuagint say that the voice will be in the wilderness.  The Masoretic says that the way will be made in the wilderness.  Second, Luke and the Septuagint tell the people to make straight paths.  The Masoretic says to make a highway in the desert.  Third, the Septuagint and the Masoretic speak that the glory of God will be revealed.  Luke skips that phrase, probably intentionally.  Lastly, Luke and the Septuagint say that all flesh will see the salvation of God.  The Masoretic says all flesh will see it together. 

Across these three verses, Luke is following the Septuagint.

[Verses: 75.  Both: 44.  LXX: 16.  MT: 13.] 

LUKE 4:4
Luke 4:4 is when Jesus responds to the devil’s temptation on turning stones to bread.  It reads,
 

It is written, “Man shall not live by bread alone.”  (Luke 4:4 (ASV)) 

This is a quotation from Deuteronomy 8:3.  The Masoretic reads,
 

Man does not live by bread only, but by everything that proceeds out of the mouth of Jehovah.  (Deut 8:3 (ASV)) 

The Septuagint reads,
 

Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceeds out of the mouth of God.  (Deut 8:3 (Brenton)) 

This was previously addressed in another video and is found in Matthew 4:4.  Just like in Matthew, Jesus is following both.

[Verses: 76.  Both: 45.  LXX: 16.  MT: 13.] 

LUKE 4:8
Luke 4:8 is Jesus’ response to the devil’s next temptation, offering Jesus all the kingdoms of the world.  It reads,
 

It is written, “You shall worship the Lord your God, and Him only shall you serve.”  (Luke 4:8 (ASV)) 

This is a quotation from Deuteronomy 6:13.  The Masoretic reads,
 

You shall fear Jehovah your God; and Him shall you serve.  (Deut 6:13 (ASV)) 

The Septuagint reads,
 

You will fear the Lord your God, and Him only will you serve.  (Deut 6:13 (Brenton)) 

This was previously addressed in another video and is found in Matthew 4:10.  Just like in Matthew, Jesus is following both.

[Verses: 77.  Both: 46.  LXX: 16.  MT: 13.] 

LUKE 4:10-11
Luke 4:10-11 is when the devil quotes Scripture about how God would protect the Christ.  It reads,
 

For it is written, “He shall give his angels charge concerning you, to guard you;” and, “On their hands they shall bear you up, lest you happen to dash your foot against a stone.”  (Luke 4:10-11 (ASV)) 

This is a quotation from Psalm 91:11-12 in the Masoretic.  It reads,
 

He will give his angels charge over you.  They shall bear you up in their hands, lest you dash your foot against a stone.  (Ps 91:11-12 (ASV)) 

This is a quotation from Psalm 90:11-12 in the Septuagint.  It reads,
 

He shall give his angels charge concerning you.  They shall bear you up on their hands, lest at any time you dash your foot against a stone.  (Ps 90:11-12 (Brenton)) 

One difference is that Luke adds ”to guard you,” which is not found in the Masoretic nor the Septuagint.  This was previously addressed in another video and is found in Matthew 4:6.  Just like in Matthew, Luke and the Septuagint say “happen” and the Masoretic leaves that out.  Luke is following the Septuagint.

[Verses: 78.  Both: 46.  LXX: 17.  MT: 13.] 

LUKE 4:12
Luke 4:12 is about Jesus’ response to the devil’s last temptation, questioning whether Jesus really is the Son of God.  It reads,
 

It is said, “You shall not make trial of the Lord your God.”  (Luke 4:10 (ASV)) 

This is a quotation from Deuteronomy 6:16.  The Masoretic reads,
 

You shall not tempt Jehovah your God.  (Deut 6:16 (ASV)) 

The Septuagint reads,
 

You shall not tempt the Lord your God.  (Deut 6:16  (Brenton)) 

This was previously addressed in another video and is found in Matthew 4:6.  Just like in Matthew, Luke is following both.

[Verses: 79.  Both: 47.  LXX: 17.  MT: 13.] 

LUKE 4:18-19
Luke 4:18-19 is when Jesus reads from Isaiah in the Nazareth synagogue.
 

The Spirit of the Lord is upon Me, because He anointed Me to preach good tidings to the poor.  He has sent Me to proclaim release to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are bruised, to proclaim the acceptable year of the Lord.  (Luke 4:18-19 (ASV)) 

This is a quotation from Isaiah 61:1-2.  The Masoretic reads,
 

The Spirit of the Lord Jehovah is upon Me, because Jehovah has anointed Me to preach good tidings unto the meek.  He has sent me to bind up the broken-hearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to them that are bound, to proclaim the year of Jehovah's favor.  (Isaiah 61:1-2 (ASV)) 

The Septuagint reads,
 

The Spirit of the Lord is upon Me, because He has anointed Me.  He has sent Me to preach glad tidings to the poor, to heal the broken in heart, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and recovery of sight to the blind, to declare the acceptable year of the Lord.  (Isaiah 61:1-2 (Brenton)) 

One difference is that Luke and the Septuagint say that Jesus will preach to the poor.  The Masoretic says the meek.  Another difference is that Luke uses broken (or bruised), but the Masoretic says bound.  The rest of this verse is an interesting case in this whole study.  We see how Luke includes recovery of sight to blind, which is missing from the Masoretic but found in the Septuagint.  Yet Luke includes setting the broken free, which is missing from the Septuagint but found in the Masoretic (though the Masoretic uses a different word: bound). 

Even though the mention of setting the broken free is not found in Isaiah 61, these exact words are found about three chapters before, in Isaiah 58:6.  Again, this is very interesting.  Here are a couple possibilities.  First, when Jesus read from the scroll of Isaiah, He might have taken the phrase about setting the broken free from chapter 58 and inserted it into this list from chapter 61.  Again, in the Greek, these are the exact same words.  Second, when Jesus read from the scroll of Isaiah at chapter 61, both phrases were found there.  That is, the Masoretic’s missing phrase of giving sight to the blind and the Septuagint’s missing phrase of setting the broken free… both of these phrases appeared in Jesus’ copy of Isaiah. 

Regardless of whether one of these possibilities are true or there is something else going on, the interesting thing here is that, by comparing these passages, both the Masoretic and the Septuagint contain God’s words.  Every phrase that Jesus says from Isaiah is a prophecy about what Jesus does as the Christ.  For the Septuagint to have recovery of sight to the blind while the Masoretic does not and for the Masoretic to have set free the broken while the Septuagint does not, Jesus shows us that both contain God’s words.  It is like Jesus was aware of these differences in Isaiah 61, so Jesus used both manuscript families.  As we proceed through this video series, we will see that the New Testament authors favored the Septuagint far more often than the Masoretic.  But, let this verse be a reminder that we should not completely throw out that Masoretic.  Both have value.  Both are the Old Testament. 

Therefore, I would like to repeat the purpose of this video series.  When we see differences between the Septuagint and Masoretic, we can use the New Testament quotations to discover which reading is more accurate.  Sometimes, the Masoretic will be more accurate.  Often, the Septuagint will be more accurate.  Thanks to New Testament quotations from the Old Testament, we can see the Old Testament more accurately.  Pause. 

Back to Luke 4:18-19, let’s revisit the differences.  First, Luke and the Septuagint agree that Jesus will preach to the poor, which is not found in the Masoretic.  Second, Luke and the Masoretic have different words for broken and bound.  Third, Luke and the Septuagint say recovery of sight to the blind, which is missing from the Masoretic.  Fourth, even though Luke and the Masoretic agree about Jesus setting free the broken, the Septuagint has this phrase three chapters earlier.  For these reasons, Luke is following the Septuagint more than he follows the Masoretic.

[Verses: 80.  Both: 47.  LXX: 18.  MT: 13.] 

CREDITS
That is enough for now.  We will continue looking at New Testament quotations from the Old Testament in the next video. 

Blessings and so forth.